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[bremenMigration] “A Century of Migration” — a dataset of 735,545 emigrant records from the port of Bremen, 1830–1939 (from Bremen Society for Family Research / MAUS transcriptions; publ. MDPI Data), Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.17977460 — dataset.
CC BY 4.0 (attribution required) · usage: ingest · link Structured, enriched passenger-list data (62 fields) for emigrants leaving via Bremen. We compute our own aggregates (etl/bremen_emigrants.py). Bremen was ONE port — Hamburg carried a comparable share, and its data is Ancestry-locked; and the surviving Bremen lists are a fraction (most originals destroyed), so the peak German emigration decades (1860s–1890s) are largely missing. The record is partial and biased by what survived.
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[aadr] Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) v66, Mallick & Reich (Harvard), doi:10.7910/DVN/FFIDCW — dataset.
CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication) · usage: ingest · link Ancient-DNA annotation compendium. We compute our OWN population-level Y/mtDNA haplogroup frequencies (etl/aadr_frequencies.py); individual genotypes are never fetched or stored (population-level-only discipline).
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[lordLyon] Court of the Lord Lyon — official roll of clans and chiefs — official register.
Crown copyright / unclear — cite, do not scrape · usage: cite · link Authority-of-record for recognised-chief → living vs armigerous/historical status.
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[outlander] Diana Gabaldon, the Outlander novels (1991– ); the Outlander television series (Sony Pictures / Starz, 2014– ) — other.
Copyrighted works — referenced as cultural primary sources, never reproduced · usage: cite Fiction. Cited ONLY to distinguish popular-culture interest from documented history — never as evidence of descent.
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[geoNames] GeoNames geographical database (geonames.org) — dataset.
CC BY 4.0 (attribution required) · usage: ingest · link A gazetteer of ~12M place names with coordinates, modern country, and alternate/historical names. We use the cities5000 dump (etl/german_origins.py) to resolve the Bremen emigrants’ stated home towns to coordinates and modern country. Its alternate-names column is the bridge from a historical German exonym (Breslau) to the modern place (Wrocław, Poland). Matching is fuzzy — homonyms abound; a resolved point is a best guess.
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[gretzinger2022] Gretzinger et al., “The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool”, Nature 610 (2022), doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2 — journal article.
CC BY — cite; open data · usage: cite · link Large continental-northern-European (incl. I1) genetic input into eastern/southern England in the early medieval period.
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[oxfordFNBI] Hanks, Coates & McClure (eds.), The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland (OUP, 2016) — book.
Proprietary (OUP) — read & paraphrase + cite, never copy entries · usage: cite Gold-standard surname etymology; the rigorous anchor vs auto-generated junk.
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[trevorRoper] Hugh Trevor-Roper, “The Invention of Tradition: The Highland Tradition of Scotland”, in E. Hobsbawm & T. Ranger (eds.), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge UP, 1983) — book.
Copyright — read & cite, never copy · usage: cite The classic scholarly account that the “Highland tradition” — clan tartans, much kilt and sett lore — is largely an 18th–19th-century construction, not a medieval inheritance.
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[isogg] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree — other.
Reference — cite for haplogroup nomenclature only (not frequencies) · usage: cite · link Standard nomenclature for the hierarchical Y-DNA haplogroup tree. Used for naming, never as a frequency source.
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[savageGenDict] James Savage, A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England (Little, Brown & Co., 1860–62), 4 vols — book.
Public domain (1860–62 printed edition) · usage: ingest · link The "American PoMS" — three-generation lineages of the pre-1692 New England settlers, with English origins and arrival ships. We OCR-analyze all 4 volumes ourselves (etl/savage_settlers.py). 19th-c compiled genealogy: selective (three generations, pre-1692) and error-prone (later corrected by Torrey, which is copyright). Counts are approximate (OCR + our parsing) — a finding aid, not proof of descent.
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[hottenLists] John Camden Hotten (ed.), The Original Lists of Persons of Quality … who went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600–1700 (London, 1874) — book.
Public domain (1874 printed edition) · usage: ingest · link Embarkation and muster registers of emigrants LEAVING England for the American plantations. We OCR-analyze it ourselves (etl/hotten_emigrants.py) for destinations, ages, ships and years. "Persons of Quality" is a 19th-c misnomer — mostly ordinary servants; only some ports’ registers survive, so the record is partial and biased. Counts are approximate (OCR + our parsing).
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[aberdeenPollTax1696] List of Pollable Persons within the Shire of Aberdeen, 1696 (Spalding Club, ed. J. Stuart, 1844) — book.
Public domain (1844 printed edition of the 1696 tax record) · usage: ingest · link A poll tax listing all pollable (taxable) persons in Aberdeenshire by parish, 1696 — a rare comprehensive name list of ordinary people. Wealth-biased (taxpayers only). We extract surname frequencies ourselves (etl/aberdeen_polltax.py).
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[estoniaAIS] National Archives of Estonia (Rahvusarhiiv), AIS Archival Titles — the full archival catalogue, 10,986,604 descriptions (huggingface.co/datasets/Rahvusarhiiv/AIS_archival_titles) — dataset.
CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication) · usage: ingest · link The National Archives of Estonia publishes its ENTIRE catalogue as CC0, and its scanned images (Saaga) are free to view with no login — the "open bloc" exemplar. We analyse the catalogue’s shape ourselves (etl/estonia_archive.py). It covers the whole archive, not only genealogy; record types are inferred by keyword-matching Estonian/German titles (approximate, overlapping); the titles point to manuscript images, so the names inside are NOT indexed here.
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[olalde2018] Olalde et al., “The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe”, Nature 555 (2018), doi:10.1038/nature25738 — journal article.
Journal article — cite; open supplementary data · usage: cite · link The ~90% Y-chromosome (R1b) turnover in Early Bronze Age Britain associated with the Beaker expansion.
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[openArchieven] Open Archieven (Open Archives) — an aggregated open index of Dutch, Belgian and partner genealogical records (openarchieven.nl), Coret Genealogie — dataset.
CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication) — index metadata only; linked images are NOT CC0 · usage: ingest · link A genuinely open, person-level genealogical NAME INDEX aggregating ~200 archives (~370M person-mentions). We query its statistics endpoints for aggregates only (etl/openarchieven_index.py), respecting the 4 req/s limit — no records harvested. Caveats: person-MENTIONS, not unique people; an index/finding-aid that points to sources; Dutch/Belgian-led (plus some INSEE France, Reclaim The Records); linked images fall under each archive’s own licence, not CC0.
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[poms] People of Medieval Scotland, 1093–1371 (PoMS), poms.ac.uk (AHRC / Leverhulme; King’s College London & Univ. of Glasgow) — dataset.
Academic prosopography; publishes Linked Open Data (RDF). Used as a finding aid over public-domain charters. · usage: cite · link Document-linked index of everyone named in ~8,600 medieval charters. We cite the underlying public-domain charters it calendars (e.g. Brinkburn Cartulary, Newbattle Registrum), with PoMS as the access route.
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[pleiades] Pleiades: a gazetteer of past places (pleiades.stoa.org) — dataset.
CC BY 3.0 (attribution required) · usage: ingest · link Ancient peoples/tribes as gazetteer entities carrying attested Greek/Latin name forms (nameAttested → alias exonyms). Pleiades numeric ID = crosswalk key (Wikidata P1584). Dates are coarse attestation, not floruit.
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[ptolemyGeographia] Ptolemy, Geographia, Book II (c. AD 150) — the Greek geographer’s list of the poleis and peoples of Britain and Ireland — primary classical.
Public domain (ancient text) · usage: cite The single most important classical source naming the Iron Age peoples of Britain/Ireland. Names are exonyms filtered through Greek; many are single-attestation. Underlies most Pleiades "people" entries here.
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[ragmanRoll1296] The Ragman Roll — instruments of homage and fealty of the Scots to Edward I of England, 1296 (ed. Bannatyne Club, 1834) — manuscript.
Public domain (medieval documents; 1834 printed edition) · usage: cite ~1,500 Scots did homage/fealty to Edward I in 1296; ~70 original deeds survive at The National Archives, Kew (E 39). Cited for documentary name attestation.
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[usCensus2010Surnames] U.S. Census Bureau, “Frequently Occurring Surnames from the 2010 Census” (File B: all 162,253 surnames occurring ≥100 times) — dataset.
Public domain (U.S. Government work) · usage: ingest · link Surname counts and race/ethnicity breakdown from the 2010 decennial census. We match clan surnames against it (etl/us_census_surnames.py) to show each name’s American footprint. Frequency reflects naming history, NOT descent — a British surname is borne across very different ancestries (the ethnicity columns make this visible).
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[wikidata] Wikidata — dataset.
CC0 1.0 (public domain) · usage: ingest · link -
[yfull] YFull YTree (github.com/YFullTeam/YTree) — a phylogenetic Y-chromosome tree with age estimates — dataset.
CC BY 4.0 (attribution required) · usage: ingest · link Full ~69,000-branch SNP-based Y tree with TMRCA ages, updated monthly. We take the age of a haplogroup and link into YFull’s live page for the deep subtree — we do not clone the tree.